Due to the fact, that the revised version of this questionnaire tas 20 displays low reliability concerning the scale external oriented thinking in the german version, we decided to reinvestigate all tas 26 items. The tas20 is primarily focused on the cognitive dimensions of. Le questionnaire toronto alexithymia scale tas20 est disponible en. Generating an epub file may take a long time, please be patient. Age and gender effect on alexithymia in large, japanese. Item selection and crossvalidation of the factor structure article pdf available in journal of psychosomatic research 381. The tas 20 has demonstrated good internal consistency and testretest reliability. Padua university, 2department of general psychology, padua university, padova, italy introduction. The phenx toolkit is a catalog of highpriority measures for consideration and inclusion in genomewide association studies gwas and other largescale genomic research efforts.
Sixtythree persons 34 psychiatric inpatients, 29 healthy controls first. In the initial validational study, exploratory factor analysis. In addition, the italian tas20 demonstrated adequate estimates of. The current study aimed to investigate which ocd symptom.
If your test result indicates that you may have alexithymia, you will need further evaluation to clarify your condition. It is a personality trait that varies in severity from person to person. Scale tas20 corresponding to the theoretical conceptualization of the alexithymia construct could be. The alexithymia construct is commonly measured with the 20item toronto alexithymia scale tas20, with more than 20 different language translations. Toronto alexithymia scale tas20 confused what emotion scale scale to rate how strongly the subject agrees or disagrees that heshe is often confused by what emotion heshe is feeling, as part of the toronto alexithymia scale tas20.
The observer alexithymia scale oas has also been recommended. Items are rated using a 5point likert scale whereby 1 strongly disagree and 5 strongly agree. I received my medical degree from the university of otago, new zealand in 1964 and completed my psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine training at the university of toronto and the state university of new york, downstate medical center. Italian 23 italy psychiatric and medical patients 642 0. Psychometric properties of the 20 item toronto alexithymia scale in younger, middle, and older adolescents. With this aim, we studied the psychometric properties of the twentyitem toronto alexithymia scale tas 20, which now is, the most widely used instrument to measure alexithymia. Toronto alexithymia scale tas 20 confused what emotion scale scale to rate how strongly the subject agrees or disagrees that heshe is often confused by what emotion heshe is feeling, as part of the toronto alexithymia scale tas 20. The turkish version of the 20item toronto alexithymia. This paper describes a study that further evaluated the construct. Pir and neo fivefactor inventory neoffi professional manual. The tas 20 is a selfreport scale that is comprised of 20 items. Alexithymia was assessed by the 20item toronto alexithymia scale tas20 to assess the severity of alexithymia,14. The reliability and validity of the tas 20 was established by a series of articles.
Sep 09, 20 the internet administration version of the 20item toronto alexithymia scale article pdf available in psychological assessment 261 september 20 with 2,651 reads how we measure reads. Low reliability has been found for the third factor of the tas 20 in some cultures, and the factor structure for psychosomatic disorder patients has not been adequately investigated. The 20 item toronto alexithymia scale tas 20 the tas 20 is the most widely used assessment model and is a selfreport instrument consisting of 20 items to be rated on a fivepoint likert scale taylor et al. Alexithymia was assessed by the 20 item toronto alexithymia scale tas 20 to assess the severity of alexithymia,14. Despite replication of the factor structure, however, it cannot be assumed that observed differences in mean tas 20 scores can be interpreted similarly across different languages and cultural groups. Psychometric properties of the 20 item toronto alexithymia scale in a group of italian younger adolescents. Introduction alexithymia refers to difficulty identifying, differentiating and communicating feelings, a lack of imagination and an externally oriented thinking style nemiah et al. Item selection and crossvalidation of the factor structure. Alexithymia has been studied widely recently and measurement methods before 1985 were. Psychometric properties of the 20item toronto alexithymia scale in. Firstly, the psychometric properties of the 20item toronto alexithymia scale tas 20 and the alexithymia questionnaire for children aqc. Factorial validity of the toronto alexithymia scale tas. It is a dimensional personality trait that varies in intensity from person to person.
Advances in research, theory, and clinical practice. Alexithymia is not classified as a mental disorder in the dsm iv. Poor attention has been dedicated to the relation between alexithymia and specific ocd symptoms dimensions. Nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi is a multifaceted phenomenon and a. Psychological characteristics of dissociation in general. The beck depression inventory bdi, statetrait anxiety inventory stai, diagnostic criteria for psychosomatic research dcpr, brief symptom inventory bsi, and toronto alexithymia scale tas20 were used to perform psychometric assessment. Parker, 1992 seguendo le istruzioni sotto elencate indichi quanto e daccordo o no con ciascuna delle seguenti affermazioni segnando una x sopra il numero corrispondente. The tas20 is a selfreport scale that is comprised of 20 items.
I am also a fellow of the american academy of psychoanalysis and dynamic psychiatry. Items are rated using a 5point likert scale whereby 1 strongly disagree and 5 strongly. Toronto alexithymia scale tas20 ifemdr institut francais d. Despite replication of the factor structure, however, it cannot be assumed that observed differences in mean tas20 scores can be interpreted similarly across different languages and cultural groups. Hebrew 19, hungarian 23, hindi 24, farsi 25, italian. Seguendo le istruzioni sotto elencate indichi quanto e daccordo o no. The tas 20 is primarily focused on the cognitive dimensions of alexithymia and measures three subscales. Factorial validity of the toronto alexithymia scale tas20. The contribution of alexithymia to obsessivecompulsive. The toronto alexithymia scale of 20 items tas20, another selfreporting scale, is the most widely used measure of alexithymia. This paper presents the authorized german version of the 26item toronto alexithymia scale tas26. Testing and validation of the 26item toronto alexithymia. Validation of a greek adaptation of the 20item toronto alexithymia. Alexithymia was measured with the 20item toronto alexithymia scale tas 20, depression severity was evaluated with the 17item hamilton depression rating scale hamd and suicide risk was.
Toronto alexithymia scale tas20 is a reliable and valid. Toronto alexithymia scale20 tas20 the tas20 b agby et al. The toronto alexithymia scale tas was the first alexithymia measure validated in accordance with modern psychometric research, and its 20item version tas 20, especially, is an internationally used measures of alexithymia 45. The construct validity of alexithymia and its assessment using the 20item toronto alexithymia scale tas20 in japan is unknown. Published by cambridge university press, september, 2018. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the level of alexithymia, psychosocial factors, and coping strategies. Motivation and emotionbook2015alexithymia wikiversity. Pdf the 20item toronto alexithymia scale tas20 has been shown. A deeper understanding of the relationship between alexithymia and coping strategies in somatoform disorder could lead to improved therapies. The twentyitem toronto alexithymia scale tas 20 was developed by bagby et al. Please answer the following questions, using the scale. Total scores range from 20 to 100, with higher scores indicating higher level of alexithymia. This paper presents the authorized german version of the 26item toronto alexithymia scale tas 26.
This free test takes only a couple of minutes to complete. A 10item scale designed to measure respondents tendency to regulate their emotions in two ways. The internet administration version of the 20item toronto alexithymia scale article pdf available in psychological assessment 261 september 20 with. Twentyitem toronto alexithymia scale tas20 springerlink.
Relationship between alexithymia and coping strategies in patients with somatoform disorder toshiyuki tominaga,1,4 hyungin choi,2 yasuhide nagoshi,3 yoshihisa wada,4 kenji fukui41health management doctors office mental health, salary, personnel health, and welfare division, kyoto prefecture, japan. Alexithymia was associated with poor education and low income level and it was more common among unmarried subjects. Fsi but not frequency of either masturbation or of partnered sexual activity excluding pvi, as measured by both sexual behavior diaries and recall, was associated with less alexithymia hence, more emotional integration as measured by the toronto alexithymia scale tas20 in a sample of healthy german women. It was developed in 1986 and later revised, removing some of the items. Knowledge about which alexithymia domains are the most affected ones in ocd dimensions could inform clinical practice, suggesting the need for the introduction of psychotherapeutic interventions targeting alexithymia deficits. The measurement of alexithymia in children and adolescents plos. The prevalence of alexithymia tas 20 score 60 was 9. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity and reliability of the oas and the tas 20 in an alcoholdependent sample. This was measured with the 25item version of the hopkins symptom check list hscl25.
Alexithymia, impulsiveness, and psychopathology in. Due to the fact, that the revised version of this questionnaire tas20 displays low reliability concerning the scale external oriented thinking in the german version, we decided to reinvestigate all tas26 items. Measurement invariance of english and french language. Pdf the internet administration version of the 20item. Alexithymia is a particular personality feature characterized by ones difficulty in identifying and describe his or her emotions. Toronto alexithymia scale tas 20 scores were posit. Results narcissistic grandiosity, vulnerability, and alexithymia were positively related to disordered eating attitudes.
We have applied this scale to chilean university students and we performed analysis using different model testing procedures. A persons alexithymia score can be measured with questionnaires such as the toronto alexithymia scale tas20, the bermondvorst alexithymia questionnaire bvaq or the observer alexithymia scale oas. The twenty item toronto alexithymia scale tas 20 after a revised edition to the tas, a twentyitem version was devised. Does family cohesiveness and parental alexithymia predict. Psychometric properties of the 20item toronto alexithymia scale in younger, middle, and older adolescents. Toronto alexithymia scale 20 measures database education. The toronto alexithymia scale of 20 items tas 20, another selfreporting scale, is the most widely used measure of alexithymia. The construct validity of alexithymia and its assessment using the 20 item toronto alexithymia scale tas 20 in japan is unknown. Description of the toronto alexithymia scale tas 20 the toronto alexithymia scale tas 20 is a 20item, selfadministered questionnaire that includes three subscales. Its concurrent, predictive, convergent and discriminant validity, reliability and stability have all been demonstrated 27. Nonsuicidal selfinjury nssi is a multifaceted phenomenon and. It is a 20item selfreport instrument rated on a 5point likertype scale ranging from 1 strongly disagree to 5 strongly agree.
Please answer the following questions, using the scale provided. Alexithymia, impulsiveness, and psychopathology in nonsuicidal selfinjured adolescents michela gatta,1 francesco dal santo,1 alessio rago,1 andrea spoto,2 pier antonio battistella1 1childhood adolescence family unit, ulss 16 padua university, 2department of general psychology, padua university, padova, italy introduction. Pdf cross validation of the factor structure of the 20item toronto. It is a 20 item selfreport instrument rated on a 5point likertype scale ranging from 1 strongly disagree to 5 strongly agree. The 20item toronto alexithymia scale tas20 the tas20 is the most widely used assessment model and is a selfreport instrument consisting of 20 items to be rated on a fivepoint likert scale taylor et al.
Explanation of alexithymia in terms of personality dimensions. Low reliability has been found for the third factor of the tas20 in some cultures, and the factor structure for psychosomatic disorder patients has not been adequately investigated. A persons alexithymia score can be measured with questionnaires such as the toronto alexithymia scale tas 20, the bermondvorst alexithymia questionnaire bvaq or the observer alexithymia scale oas. Alexithymia, psychological distress, and pain were assessed in 30 individuals with crps in comparison to 30 gender and agematched persons with lower back pain lbp. The current version has twenty statements rated on a fivepoint likert scale. The toronto alexithymia scale is a measure of deficiency in understanding, processing, or describing emotions. What alexithymia isnt alexithymia is sometimes loosely characterised as a lack of emotional expression or reactivity. The associations between pathological narcissism, alexithymia. The total alexithymia score is the sum of responses to all 20 items, while the score for each. Alexithymia in ptsd psychometric and fmri studies paul a. Psychometric properties of the 20item toronto alexithymia. Toronto alexithymia scale tas20 association for contextual. The tas20 has demonstrated good internal consistency and testretest reliability. Click here to view the table of contents in pdf format.
It is known that alexithymia is associated with psychological distress. Assessments included the toronto alexithymia scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and two subscales of the mcgill pain questionnaire. Unfortunately this leads to a confusion with other psychological concepts which are distinct in a number of important ways. In addition, the fullscale tas20 and the first two factors show adequate to good internal reliability for most of the translations. Finding the psychometric properties of the original toronto alexithymia scale to be flawed, developers created the tas20 a revised measure consisting of 20 items divided into three separate factors, or domains of alexithymia. The remaining twenty items, hereafter referred to as the twentyitem toronto alexithymia scale tas20, were subsequently factor analyzed principal axis factoring, three factors rotated to a varimax solution. This study investigated the relationship of alexithymia with personality dimensions in a sample of general population. With this aim, we studied the psychometric properties of the twentyitem toronto alexithymia scale tas20 in chilean population using. The authors assessed, in an adolescent population sample, the internal consistency, testretest stability, and factor structure of the toronto alexithymia scale tas 20 and established the. Note the arousal as indicative of threat and selfand other protective needs.
The current version has twenty statements rated on a fivepoint likert scale the reliability and validity of the tas20 was established by a series of articles by r. Toronto alexithymia scale 20 tas 20 the tas 20 b agby et al. The toronto alexithymia scale tas20 is a 20item selfreport measure of alexithymia. Respondents answer each item on a 7point likerttype scale ranging from 1 strongly disagree to 7 strongly agree.
The 20item version of the toronto alexithymia scale tas20 was given to 5,993 subjects. Using the scale provided as a guide, indicate how much you agree or disagree with the following statements by placing an x in he appropriate place. A previous paper described the development of the twentyitem toronto alexithymia scale tas 20 and reported preliminary evidence of reliability and factorial validity of the scale. The twentyitem toronto alexithymia scale the twentyitem toronto alexithymia scale tas20 was developed by bagby et al. Alexithymia moderated the relationships between narcissistic vulnerability and the total score of disordered eating attitudes. There are 5 items that are negatively keyed items 4, 5, 10, 18 and 19. Two hundred and ten alcoholdependent participants in. The twentyitem toronto alexithymia scale tas20 was developed by bagby et al. Laniusb,c adepartment of psychology, the university of western ontario, ontario n6a sas, canada bdepartment of psychiatry, the university of western ontario, ontario n6a sas, canada cdepartment of neuroscience, the university of western ontario. Relationship between alexithymia and coping strategies in. After adjusting for psychological distress, these associations remained statistically significant. Psychometric properties of the 20item toronto alexithymia scale in a group of italian younger adolescents.
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